Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Ethical Treatment of Animals - 2645 Words

ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS If you systematically question the significance and use of existence you are a philosopher, either amateur or expert. Ethics is the division of philosophy that asks how nation supposed to live their lives and how they ought to act good and right to each one. Animal ethics is equal but contains animals. Robert Garner in his book Animal Ethics says Animal ethics look to examine values that are apprehended concerning the moral standing of non-human animals. (Audi, 2010). Our correlation with animals is based on values we take in from our background and social way of life. We recognize these values, frequently on conviction from our seniors, without testing or studying them. But unexamined values when performed can do massive destruction everybody has a few contact with animals straight or not directly, either agricultural or shooting animals, eating them, providing food to their pets factory farmed animals, going to the zoo, by means of weathered substances on animals or washing with animal-based soap. Hitherto the largest part of nation do not understand the pain and damage people inflict on animals since it goes mainly out of view and where it peaks on top of the surface it is endured as usual. Here is the point. The damage humans are doing to animals amounts to a holocaust that we have to take in hand (Audi, 2010). If we are to make refined evolution we have to understand what we are doing to animals and consider on how we ought treatingShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Treatment Of Animals1230 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, at many universities the use of live animal mascots is taking place. While some view this as exploitation of the animals, others see the royal treatment these animals get and carry a different opinion. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) give their input with an article titled, â€Å"Live-Animal Mascots Get an ‘F’.† This organization takes a strong stance for animals everywhere. They believe that there is no real reason to put a live animal on the field rather than a costumed humanRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1237 Words   |  5 PagesErasistratus of Alexandria to Galen, who is known as the creator of experimental physiology, animals have been test subjects in experiments for more than two thousand years (Day 35). Every year in the world as many as twenty-two million animals are used for scientific or medical purposes (Day 10). A variety of animals are experimented on, including rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, cats, and primates (Day 10). Those against animal research believe the tests are pointless (Day 10). They presume if the experimentsRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1267 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not animals should be allowed to be used as subjects in research, entertainment, or clothing is one of the most controversial issues known in today’s society (Parks 21). Through time, animal rights have acquired several different definitions and opinions from people. Regarding their belief about the true meaning of animal rights, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), a largely recognized animal rights activist organization, states: Animal rights means that animals deserve certainRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals991 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially when it comes to the treatment of animals. The group PETA which stands for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is know as the largest animal rights group in the world. With an estimated three million members and supporters the organization believes that â€Å" Animals are not ours to eat. Wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way† and fights to protects those rights of animals (PETA). PETA was founded in March 1980 by animal rights activist Alex Pacheco andRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment Of Animal Testing1199 Words   |  5 Pagesnot animals such as mice and rats should be experimented on. The organization Psychologist for the Ethical Treatment of Animals believes in observing animals instead of experimenting on them (Meyer). Another known organization is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). An organization that is in favor of animal experimentation is called Pro-Test and is located in the United Kingdom (UK). This organization thinks that experimenting on animals may help humans. About 95% of animals are notRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1801 Words   |  8 Pageseven order the cheese because a cow had to produce milk to make the cheese. The subject of animal rights incites heated debates. On one end of the spectrum would be animal rights organizations like People for the Ethical treatment of Animals or PETA for short. PETA takes a stance against any use of any animal, even using silk from silk worms. According to this organization, the only tolerable use of an animal is a neutered companion pet in the backyard. On the other end of the spectrum would be theRead MorePeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals1191 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an American organization for animal rights. It gives voice against four major issues regarding treatment of animals such as fur farming, using animals for entertainment, factory farming, and animal testing. PETA also fights against eating animals, killing of animals, keeping chained dogs, bullfighting, and cock fighting. Even though the organization intention is good to save the life of the animal, PETA is often considered as unrealisticRead MorePeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals ( Peta ) Is A Non Profit Animal Activist Group1579 Words   |  7 PagesPeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) is a non-profit animal activist group that focuses explicitly on exposing animal brutality and ensuring the safety of all animals. PETA promises to protect animals from misconduct, abuse, brutality, and inhumane slaughtering. The activist group’s official motto is, ‘’ Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way’’(PETA). This motto officially means that animals are not ours to use or causeRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment of Animals Essay539 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieve in the ethical treatment for all animals is an ethical obligation by all humans. We have come to an era that we believe that all humans should be treated equally and fairly. Well, what about our other living, breathing counterparts? They deserve to live their life as they choose in quality and in the pursuit of happiness. Just as Europeans came and took over Northern Americas land and resources on the Indians. We have also taken over the land and resources from all of the animals. TheRead MoreThe Issue of Ethical Treatment of Animals1441 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Rights Introduction The issue of ethical treatment of animals has been a subject of discussion for many years and among many scholars. It has raised legal issues especially among the animal care specialists and bodies trying to ensure that there is a standard way of treating animals. Whether the animals are pets or are for food later on, there has been a growing need for the ethical treatment of them all. This is an issue that disturbs many Americans, me included since it is unethical

Monday, December 16, 2019

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Free Essays

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Assessment 1 Nessa’s Bar Report Course Code: BS1D75 Student Number: 08154619, 09046100, 09030883, 09046577, 09047735 Contents Page †¢1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Purchasing and Supply Chain Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now . †¢1. 1. 2 Solution – Poor Organisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢1. 3. 1 Problem – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 3. 2Solution – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. 0 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢3. 0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢4. 0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢5. 0 Bibliograpgy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply The business suffers from poor organisation in the purchase of supplies. The purc hasing of goods and services for the business use is known as Procurement. There are three managers who all participate in the purchase of items; each person purchases items they think necessary often leading to double orders or items not being bought at all. There are several suppliers used some of which deliver while others operate a cash and carry policy, causing partners to use their own transport. Although several suppliers are utilised, the lack of regular custom by the company causes lack of interest by the suppliers and so the company misses out on priority service and possibly loyalty bonuses sometimes offered by these outlets designed to encourage repeat custom. Webster and wind (1972) Are concerned with sellers being aware of what buyers may be doing but also it should be important that buyers are aware of what seller are likely to do. A significant amount of stock is wasted due to the haphazard means of stock control. The company likes to have a well filled freezer to protect against low stock levels or unavailability of items, which in turn ties up capital unnecessarily. 1. 1. 1Solution – Poor Organisation A solution to this problem could be the hiring of a trained buyer who would control purchases made by the company. The advantage of this would be a single buyer would not order double quantities and excessive or unnecessary stock would not be purchased. As a result stock control would be easier to manage. Organised purchasing would help to keep stock levels steady and unnecessary goods would not be stock piled, thereby releasing capital allowing money to be used efficiently and cost effectively. Hiring an expert may seem expensive but could save significant amounts of money and time. Possibly one of the managers could take part in a purchase training programme to gain the skills as they already have inside understanding of the company and how it is run. This would prove cost efficient and save money on outsourcing. To solve the problem, the organisation could hire trained buyers to take over the three manager’s buying work. The advantages of hiring experts on buying stock for the organisation are that when there is only one person managing the buying, stock would be clearer and overlapping or lack of stock would be avoided. This could release the capital as stock would be more organised and money would be used more efficiently. However, hiring experts might be expensive and would be costly efficient for the organisation. In this case one of the managers could go on purchasing training program to gain skills in terms of buying, meaning the company will have a buying expert, who also knows the business well, and the company will not be wasting capital on hiring an external expert. 1. 2. 1Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures The company experiences problems with paper work not matching the goods purchased. This has resulted in some suppliers banning the buyers from their establishment and refusing credit facilities as payment may have been overlooked or invoices mislaid and no payment being processed. The reputation of the company has been spoiled as non payment of invoices has caused it to be branded untrustworthy, subsequently it is not given priority as a respected business would be. Some suppliers expect cash on receipt of goods and this can cause a cash flow problem. Negative word of mouth may be passed around trade fairs or board meetings, which will have a negative impact on suppliers considering entering in to business with `Nessa’s Bar’. 1. 2. 2Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures A solution to this problem could be a change in the purchasing procedure of the company. In a mechanistic structure, authority is centralised at the summit of the managerial hierarchy and vertical authority is use to control human and material resources. Mechanistic structures operate most effectively in stable environments. † (Lysons, P158) A management structure needs to be established in which everyone understands their role within the company. Also a system for dealing with paperwork needs to be organised so that a good relationship can be developed between the company and its suppliers. 1. 3. 1Problem – Poor Management The company wastes a great deal of time on low value goods. Security is very expensive but necessary. The bar employs its own cleaning staff and purchase cleaning materials as needed but these disappear from the stockroom as there is no inventory method in place to control the use of these items. All members of staff have access to the stockroom and as there is no organisation there is no stock checking system. This ultimately leads to confusion with the buying of items as the company is unaware of the exact inventory of goods available for use and what needs to be purchased. . 3. 2Solution – Poor Management To solve the problem, the organisation could introduce VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) â€Å"VMI is a collaborative strategy between a customer and supplier to optimize the availability of products at a minimal cost to the two companies. † (Baily, P 181) Suppliers take responsibility for managing the stock which is constantly monitored and updated. (Baily, P181) Time could then be utilised on other jobs rather than being spent on low value goods. This could be a problem as the supplier then controls the stock rather than the company, but any shortfalls would again become the responsibility of the company. â€Å"Acronyms for VMI include: CRP (continuous replenishment programs), SAIM (supplier-assisted inventory management), SAIR (supplier-assisted inventory replenishment), ECR (efficient consumer response). † (Lysons, P357) The organisation could outsource cleaning and security to professional companies as they would be more skilled and knowledgeable than the staff in the organisation. Outsourcing as: The strategic use of outside resources to perform activities traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. † (Baily, P115) It can be considered that outsourcing both cleaning and security could be expensive and there is no guarantee as to the standards of the work carried out, but the training of staff to carry out these services could cost even more. By outsourcing the less important work more time would be come available to be spent on core business operations. However there are disadvantages to outsourcing as Lacity and Hirscheim point out that; â€Å"†¦the employee culture is too fragmented or hostile for the organisation to come back together† (Lysons, P402). The employees from the outsourcing company might have a strong employee culture or different work ethics and find it difficult to fit into the working environment of Nessa’s Bar. 1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses The majority of expense faced by the company are; rent, staff wages, beverages, food and other consumables. The bar spends approximately ? 00k per annum on beverages with a further ? 60k being spent on foods and other consumables. 1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses A possible solution to these problems would be the reduction of staff employed at the business. Should cleaning and security be outsourced then the staff currently employed to carry out these tasks are no longer required and could be laid off. Well managed stock would save the com pany money as would developing a better relationship with suppliers who might offer discounts on goods and better delivery services. †¦requiring production when, and not before, a customer requires something, and the pursuit and elimination of waste in production and associated planning and purchasing†¦ †(Baily, P177) JIT can keep the stock level to be low in the organisation, which can prevent unnecessary capital to be stuck as stock. The utilisation of a VMI system for stock control could prove to be more cost effective for the company as the supplier takes responsibility for stock management. Suppliers have more experience of this kind of system and would ensure the smooth running of the stockroom. The company would receive higher levels of service as less time would be spent on low value goods and as there would be less stock wastage the company would achieve improved revenue. (Baily, P182) 2. 0 Recommendations 3. 0 Conclusion Currently there are problems with Nessa’s bar as it operates on an inefficient and disorganised system. Basic errors including order duplication, failing to pay suppliers, wasting time on low value goods, and a lack of purchasing knowledge has resulted in a loss of money, time and stock. Also the non payment of invoices has given the company a bad reputation with suppliers. The company could hire a professional buyer who specialises in purchasing goods thereby eradicating the possibility of mistakes being made when goods are ordered. Time would be saved by orders not being duplicated, items overstocked, or wasted on low value goods. If this is not a viable economic option then one of the three managers could be trained to assume the role and take on the responsibility for these tasks. One person would then make decisions, an advantage would be that they already have a working knowledge of the company and they are also known to the other managers from the outset. A centralised approach with just one national supplier would make purchasing easier and more cost effective for the company as they will reduce the amount of paperwork by receiving one invoice rather than several. This will assist ease of stock control and management. 4. 0 Reference Baily P. Purchasing Principles and Management, Financial Times/Pitman Publishing (Tenth edition) Lysons K. 2000) Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (5th Edition), Financial Times/Pitman Publishing Webster F and Wind Y (1972) Organisational buying behaviour, Prentice Hall, New York. American Marketing Association. (1995). Market research. Available: http://dis. shef. ac. uk/sheila/marketing/research. htm. Last accessed 28. Febuary 2010. R. Srinivasan. (1988). Brand Accounting-An Emerging Concept. Available: www. londonmba. o rg/†¦ /Brand%20Accounting-An%20Emerging%20Concept_by%20R. %20Srinivasan. doc. Last accessed 1 March 2010. 5. 0 Bibliography Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2000) Principles of Marketing (9th edition) Prentice Hall. How to cite Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Essays

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay Example For Students

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay In the Philadelphia Museum of Art are five paintings by Gustave Courbet; of all of these I found Reclining Nude 1868, Oil on canvas, The Louis Stern Collection, 63-81-20 the most interesting. It depicts a nude woman lying on the beach beneath a billowing canopy. A dark, but tranquil sea is in the background. The sky is dark as if the final rays of the sun were disappearing over the horizon. There are a few clouds in the sky, they are dark but not threatening. The picture is very dark in general and there is no obvious light source. The edges of the painting are so dark it is impossible to tell what the nude reclines against. A very dim light falls on the woman, who lies on her right side. The upper half of her torso is twisted to her left and her hips and legs face the viewer. Her right leg is bent slightly so her calf is beneath her straightened left leg. The woman is not as thin as classical nudes, her hips are somewhat broad and her thighs are slightly heavy. Her arms are crossed languidly over her head. Because her arms are crossed over her head, her face is almost completely in the shadows; this shadowing covers the detail of her face in such a way that she could be almost anyone. She gazes wistfully at the ground to her left. The woman is rendered very softly and is in a very sensuous pose. This picture would have been found scandalous for its sexual overtones as was Courbets La Demoiselles au bord de la Seine. A scarlet cloth lies in front of her; it has a very rumpled look which has sexual implications. The vacant, wistful look and the languid crossing of her arms suggests that she is thinking of a lover who has just left her. The careful shadowing of her facial features leads one to believe she has something to hide from public knowledge. It is not covered enough, however, for one to believe she has any shame for appearing in so public a place in such a position; this, too, would have been found scandalous in the 1860s. Now, however, compared to such displays of sexuality and nudity as found in magazines such as Penthouse and Playgirl or X-rated movies, the picture is perceived as a modest, proper display of sexuality. Today there is nothing offensive about the womans display of sexuality. One other reason that the critics and public would have found this picture offensive is that to them this is not a display of nudity, but a display of nakedness. The woman is perceived as naked rather than nude, because she is not in a classical setting or an important person portrayed in a classical setting. This is not a picture of a nude Venus rising from the sea foam or a nude Psyche with her adoring Cupid. This woman is not even a rich patroness being portrayed in one of the classical settings. This woman could be any fair-haired woman;whe is a common woman, most likely the artists mistress or even a prostitute. Her nudity is for sensual display, not for classical purposes, therefore it was perceived as nakedness and therefore obscene. Though the woman in combination with her surroundings may have been offensive, there is nothing offensive about her surroundings alone. The setting is a beach at nightfall. In the foreground one sees a bright scarlet cloth lying on a dark beach. It is a very ruffly piece of cloth tossed casulally aside. In the middle ground is the woman, and whatever she reclines against. It is so dark that one cannot tell what it is, but it is painted in bold, swirling brush strokes; there is very little color other than black, aside from a few spots of red and gray. Also in the middle ground is the billowing canopy under which the woman reclines. .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postImageUrl , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:visited , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active { border:0!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Matisse - La joie de vivre EssayUpon close inspection one can see the canopy is gray and blue striped with thin stripes of scarlet. The canopy appears to be blowing gently in the wind. A loose rope sways slightly. It curves gently to the right. The background is beautifully executed. Behind the nude are the edge of the beach, the ocean, and the night sky. The beach is very dark as is the ocean. However, if one looks closely at the ocean can see the gentle waves of the sea and two tiny sailboats on the horizon. The sky has the beauty of the actual sky as the last colors of the sunset fade over the horizon. The sky highest above the ocean is a very dark gray. In the lighter sky just below it one can see dark billowing clouds. The sky just above the horizon is pinkish and purplish from a distance. The whole background is very tranquil, very peaceful. The coloring of the picture is somewhat disappointing. While one realizes that the time of day which is portrayed is hardly conducive to bright colors, one is still diappointed by the small range of colors used. Courbet uses black, grayu, a blue grey, and scarlet. The only thing with light coloring is the nude, but the flewh tones are very cool colors. There is only one bright color, the cool red which is repeated in the womans cheeks, lips and nipple. The stripes of red in the canopy are not bright at all as they are so muted by the grays and blues. The way in which the scarlet cloth in the foreground calls immediate attention to Courbetthree-quarter inch signature in the left-hand corner almost makes one wonder if thaat one bright splotch of color wasnt added for egotistical reasons. One remembers how the sky above the horizon seemed to have a pink or purple cast, but on closer inspection one finds that it is really a flat bluish-gray. The darkness of the color is understandable, but I believe Monsieur Courbet could have used a wider range of color. There is also little lighting in the picture but it is used more effectively than the colors. A dim light falls on the model, but it is just enough to light her sufficiently to make her stand out. This same dim light falls on a small area of beach around her enabling one to see the rich texture of the sand. Another area of dim light is found just above the horizon, relieving one from the dark infinity of the sky. While the picture is very dark it is not totally without light. While one may find fault with the lack of a wide range of color, one cannot find fault with Courbets technical skills. The picture is well balanced as the outer line of the red cloth in the left hand corner repeats the line of the left side of the womans body and the gentle curve of the rope hanging from the canopy repeats the line of the right hand side of her body. The dim circle of light in the foreground is echoed in the bit of dim light on the horizon, giving the picture of a deeper perspective. The juxtaposition of the woman and the canopy which falls from the right hand corner divides the canvas into three triangular shaped pieces of more or less the same size. This division brings the focal point of these triangles to the womans face. If one starts at the focal point, the range of ones field of vision opens to follow the diverging lines thereby taking in the whole painting until ones eyes reach the frame. Then ones gaze is brought back along the lines until it converges on the face of the woman. .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postImageUrl , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:visited , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active { border:0!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Painting Review: Curry's Tornado Over Kansas EssayBecause the area of the top left hand corner is so dark, it puts even more emphasis on the head of the woman as a focal part. This careful, fanlike division of the picture into three similar shapes is balancing as well as enabling the artist to direct the viewers eyes. If one follows these lines of vision one is more able to appreciate Courbets careful attention to the curves and anatomy of the womans body, as well as his eye for small detail such as the two tiny boats on the horizon. While many critics of Courbets time could not understand his choice of subject matter, they could appreciate his execution of the subject mat ter. Gustave Courbets subject matter may not have been understood or considered proper in his day, but now they are considered to be more acceptable. One, whether of the past or present, must appreciate his technical abilities; his mastery of line, form, and balance. Though his lack of color is disappointing, the picture in itself is very pleasing to look at because it is such a tran- quil, restful scene. While Courbet was not totally appreciated in his day, he is in these times considered to be an excellent artist.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Influence of International Organisations free essay sample

Discuss the influence of international organisations and contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation. | Throughout the recent decades, international organisations, trading blocs and agreements such as the European Union (EU), Asia-Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have influenced the promotion of globalisation throughout economies. The positive and negative outcomes of the influence of international organisations, contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation are outlined. Trading bloc occurs when a number of countries join together in a formal preferential trading agreement to the exclusion of other countries, such as the EU and NAFTA. As global trade has grown and as more economies form trading blocs – countries in recent years have moved to form agreements and trading alliances to ensure that they are in the best position to gain from growing trade opportunities and also to avoid being excluded from the emerging trading blocs. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of International Organisations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The promotion of the advantages of joining emerging trading blocs would place countries excluded from trading blocs and agreements at a disadvantage. Trade agreements can be bilateral (involving two countries – like Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, CERTA between Australia and New Zealand) or multilateral/regional (occurring on a regional basis – like NAFTA), or global (World Trade Organisation). Trade Agreements promote free trade exclusively amongst members or can be open to all nations. Free trade agreements are formal agreements between countries designed to break down barriers to trade between those nations. While these agreements are generally described as free trade agreements, in context it is more accurate to call them preferential trade agreements because in effect, they give more favourable access to goods and services from one nation or a group of nations part of the trade agreement compared to another. A negative effect of a preferential trade agreement is that they can make it harder for nations outside the preferential trade agreement to trade with the countries who are part of the agreement. In this respect, they may not create better conditions for global free trade at all. In contrast, global free trade agreements conducted through the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are designed to break down all global trade restrictions and free up world trade. Advantages and disadvantages through the growing influence of trading blocs and trade agreements in the global economy have increased through the free trade between countries part of trading blocs/agreements and the increased barrier between countries part of a trading bloc/agreement and ones not part of it. The outlined disadvantages of trade agreements are arguable as although two-thirds of European trade occurs within the EU (being a more closed trading bloc due to its protectionist policies), ASEAN economies primarily trade with countries outside their region, reflecting the fact that they are smaller economies and their economic growth strategies have centred around exports to industrialised economies. These regional and bilateral trade agreements which have often led to the formation of trading blocs can hinder the progress they were created for towards global free trade as agreements have proved to slice the world up into separate trade areas. This is arguable as trade agreements have also been referred by economists to be â€Å"stepping stones† towards global free trade as it initially convinces economies part of agreements to reduce their protectionist barriers against a smaller group of economies (part of the agreement) but eventually encouraging them to remove those barriers for the whole world. In recent years, economies part of NAFTA and ASEAN agreements have substantially increased the level of trade amongst themselves, compared to trade outside their trade agreement. This figure points towards the potential risk that regional trade blocs could result in global trade fragmenting into self-contained regions and hindering the spread of global free trade as trade agreements were intended for. Although in the early 1990’s, countries in Australia’s region established the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) in response to the formation of trading blocs/trade agreements in other areas of the world. As the APEC forum includes 21 member economies with approximately 41% of the world’s population, 54% of world GDP and 44% of world trade – APEC has gained a significant share of global trading influence. APEC Forum economies agreed to not become a secluded trading bloc but to reduce barriers to non-member economies – driving towards their target of achieving global free trade by 2020, Bogor Declaration (1994). Although in recent years, APEC’s focus has declined on their target of achieving free trade to ddress more recent issues such as financial crises, climate change and terrorism – APEC has made progress to the liberalisation of free trade, with its encouraged openness to globalisation although not succeeded in its original goal to create a regional area of free trade. APEC has given a positive outlook on the promotion of globalisation and free trade between nations although not reaching its driving goal of free trade. On top of the multilateral agreements, bilateral agreements have contributed to the elimination of trade barriers between economies. CERTA is an example of a bilateral agreement which has managed to abolish the trade barrier between Australia and New Zealand becoming one of the world’s most comprehensive free trade agreements. The influence on bilateral trade agreements although has not contributed greatly to the overall scale, has influenced trade barriers between two economies part of the agreement giving an advantage to trade between the two economies, concluding with positive outcomes in the promotion of globalisation and the positive goal of global free trade. Through the increased influence of international organisations, contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation, positive effects felt by the global economy include; the increased production and the lowering of international barriers between economies allow methods of production to flow between economies with more speed with the improvement with resource allocation within an economy, benefits to customers (increased standard of living within an economy) as customers have more choice with the decrease in barriers, foreign exchange gains, decreasing unemployment (as more people becoming employed with more work to make the decreasing trade barrier) and increased economic growth between countries part of the trading bloc/agreement/organisation. Although free trade has its benefits, negative effects come with the increased free trade between economies; increased pollution as free trade comes with increased demand from other economies leading the increased pollution as production within an economy increases, increased domestic economic instability as economies become reliant on international markets with the opening of free trade, companies finding harder to compete with the increased competition from international markets – some markets selling goods and services at incredibly low prices through their lower labour/production costs and new industries being pressured by the increased established competition in the competitive environment. All in all, though there are disadvantages in the increasing influence of international organisations, trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation, the advantages in affect through these factors are much more positive in the long run for an economy.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

Geography - Volcanoes Mount St. Helens Eruption 1980 essays

Geography - Volcanoes Mount St. Helens Eruption 1980 essays Volcanoes Mount St. Helens Eruption 1980 Mount St. Helens is situated in North America on the North American plate. It is the peak of the fold mountain range in North America. The fold mountain range was formed around 70 million years ago when a convergent plate boundary, Juan De Fuca Plate (Oceanic Crust), collided with the North American Plate (Continental Crust). The oceanic crust was forced downwards into the mantle causing it to turn into magma. Then the pressure increased in the mantle causing the magma to rise up onto the earths surface. This lead to volcanic eruptions. Many more volcanic eruptions happened at the plate boundary forming Mount St. Helens. Altogether 13 volcano peaks were formed (including Mount St. Helens). This is called the Cascade Range. Mount St. Helens is the youngest and most deadly of the 13 volcanoes in the Cascade Range. The geologists call Mount St. Helens a composite volcano. It is called this because of its steep sides and its construction. It is made from alternate layers of lava flows, ash, and other volcanic debris. Composite volcanoes mainly erupt explosively causing danger to the nearby wildlife and property. Many people live around Mount St. Helens. This is because of the very good fertile soil that surrounds the area. The fertile soil is good for farming. There are also many tourists that visit the area. Travelers from all over the world visit the area to see the Washington based volcano and to admire the large national parks that surround the volcano. There is also a national lake near the volcano called the Spirit Lake. There has only been 1 eruption at Mount St. Helens known to us in this modern era but scientists and geologists can inspect the volcano to see if it has erupted before. They can do this by counting the rings of trees to see how old they are or by inspecting the different layers of alternate rock that made up the volcano Mount St. Helen ...

Friday, November 22, 2019

Netherlands - Geography, Government and History

Netherlands - Geography, Government and History Population: 16,783,092 (July 2010 estimate) Capital: Amsterdam Seat of Government: The Hague Bordering Countries: Germany and Belgium Land Area: 16,039 square miles (41,543 sq km) Coastline: 280 miles (451 km) Highest Point: Vaalserberg at 1,056 feet (322 m) Lowest Point: Zuidplaspolder at -23 feet (-7 m) The Netherlands, officially called the Kingdom of the Netherlands, is located in northwest Europe. The Netherlands borders the North Sea to its north and west, Belgium to the south and Germany to the east. The capital and largest city in the Netherlands is Amsterdam, while the seat of government and therefore most government activity is in the Hague. In its entirety, the Netherlands is often called Holland, while its people are referred to as Dutch. The Netherlands is known for its low lying topography and dikes, as well as for its very liberal government. History of the Netherlands In the first century B.C.E., Julius Caesar entered the Netherlands and found that it was inhabited by various Germanic tribes. The region was then divided into a western portion that was inhabited mainly by Batavians while the east was inhabited by the Frisians. The western part of the Netherlands became a part of the Roman Empire. Between the 4th and 8th centuries, the Franks conquered what is today the Netherlands and the area was later given to the House of Burgundy and the Austrian Habsburgs. In the 16th century, the Netherlands were controlled by Spain but in 1558, the Dutch people revolted and in 1579, the Union of Utrecht joined the seven northern Dutch provinces into the Republic of the United Netherlands. During the 17th century, the Netherlands grew in power with its colonies and navy. However, the Netherlands eventually lost some of its importance after several wars with Spain, France, and England in the 17th and 18th centuries. In addition, the Dutch also lost their technological superiority over these nations. In 1815, Napoleon was defeated and the Netherlands, along with Belgium, became a part of the Kingdom of the United Netherlands. In 1830, Belgium formed its own kingdom and 1848, King Willem II revised the Netherlands constitution to make it more liberal. From 1849-1890, King Willem III ruled over the Netherlands and the country grew significantly. When he died, his daughter Wilhelmina became queen. During World War II, the Netherlands was continuously occupied by Germany beginning in 1940. As a result, Wilhelmina fled to London and established a government in exile. During WWII, over 75% of the Netherlands Jewish population was killed. In May 1945, the Netherlands was liberated and Wilhelmina returned the country. In 1948, she abdicated the throne and her daughter Juliana was queen until 1980 when her daughter Queen Beatrix took the throne. Following WWII, the Netherlands grew in strength politically and economically. Today the country is a large tourist destination and most of its former colonies have gained independence and two (Aruba and the Netherlands Antilles) are still dependent areas. The Government of the Netherlands The Kingdom of the Netherlands is considered a constitutional monarchy (list of monarchs) with a chief of state (Queen Beatrix) and a head of government filling the executive branch. The legislative branch is the bicameral States General with the First Chamber and the Second Chamber. The judicial branch is made up of the Supreme Court. Economics and Land Use in the Netherlands The economy of the Netherlands is stable with strong industrial relations and a moderate unemployment rate. The Netherlands is also a European transportation hub and tourism is also increasing there. The largest industries in the Netherlands are agroindustries, metal and engineering products, electrical machinery and equipment, chemicals, petroleum, construction, microelectronics, and fishing. Agricultural products of the Netherlands include grains, potatoes, sugar beets, fruits, vegetables, and livestock. Geography and Climate of the Netherlands The Netherlands is known for its very low lying topography and reclaimed land called polders. About half of the land in the Netherlands is below sea level polders and dikes make more land available and less prone to flooding for the growing country. There are also some low hills in the southeast but none of them rise above 2,000 feet. The climate of the Netherlands is temperate and highly affected by its marine location. As a result, it has cool summers and mild winters. Amsterdam has a January average low of 33ËšF (0.5ËšC) and an August high of just 71ËšF (21ËšC). More Facts about the Netherlands The official languages of the Netherlands are Dutch and FrisianThe Netherlands has large minority communities of Moroccans, Turks, and SurinameseThe largest cities in the Netherlands are Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht and Eindhoven.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

Abstinence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Abstinence - Essay Example Sexually transmitted diseases are common at present and it is increasing to alarming levels because of the unawareness about the seriousness of such diseases. ‘With abstinence, no barriers or pills are necessary because the person is not having sex. You don't have to be a virgin to practice abstinence. Sometimes people who have been having sex decide not to continue having sex. Even if a person has been having sex, he or she can still choose abstinence to prevent pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the future†. Abstinence is difficult to observe in life because of physiological and psychological factors. Sexual desire is an inborn train for every living thing and it is not easy to avoid or remove it. Persons with high will power might be succeeded in avoiding sexual activities. It is difficult for the lay man to refrain from sexual activities. In order observe abstinence, developing the will power is the only way and it should be started at an early stag e itself. In other words, abstinence should be taught in school to prevent "young' pregnancies, STD's and behavioral risks

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

Email Tracking And News Posting Tracking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Email Tracking And News Posting Tracking - Essay Example They receive messages and forward them to the intermediate systems that indicate the path between the receiver and the sender. Systems facilitate this activity to determine the actual sender of information, however, it ca n be challenging if the founder of messages covers the suspicious emails and news postings. Email tracking involves screening email delivery to the addressee. It enables the sender to know if the intended recipient received the message, but does not show if the email was opened and read (Pappallardo & Ellen 2005). Outlook, Notes, and Eudora are networked software that enable clients interact with the server. Microsoft office outlook develops a read receipt tracking method, which makes the sender access the receipt request option before sending the email. After sending the message, recipients can also bring to the attention of the sender that the email was received and read. Nevertheless, such email applications do not guarantee the sender receipt request. On then ha nd, news postings indicate on the top of the message significant tracks that show the subject header, the sender, date, and dime sent. With such vital information, tracking of group news becomes easier compared to emails. Postings are public and can be accessed by a significant number of people. Emails are private and more personal than news postings since they are addressed to a specific person or group. News postings audience who visit social networking sites such as face book and twitter. News postings are bulletins for everyone in the network to see. They are useful because they inform friends in the network service without resorting to sending messages individually. However, tracking news becomes challenging since posts are deleted affected ten days while emails are stored in the server for future reading and reference. Therefore, tracking of emails have been shown to be easier than postings. When conducting email tracking, one can use the IP address that the user assigned, whi ch will show the time and date the message was sent (US-CERT 2003). Lastly, in email tracking, one can investigate on behalf of the victim, by sending the original message through copy mailing. At this point, one can send the message as an attachment because for warding replaces the suspect’s information. News postings have group link features that enable the use to sign up until the time when her network shall be back. In networking systems, new postings prove to be the perfect destination for everyone to stay connected. Question 2- IRC crimes The growth of technology has been identified with positive and negative effects. The world has witnessed the abuse of this new system making the society acquire a negative attitude. Child pornography is an ex ample of internet related crime because nude figures are exposed on websites, and when children come across them, they become misguided. Scenes of teenagers involving on sexual acts are posted on the internet. This technology can be accessed by anyone regardless of their age. Such websites have chat conversations, which lure children in to immoral conversations that lead to child abuse. Secondly, carding and phishing describe how fraudsters operate in small and secret channels. They code their messages to prevent people who may come across, and discover their network. Therefore, to track carding and phishing, one should have a peculiar access to IRC network servers. Internet related crime is overlooked when computer crimes come in to discussions. It is seen as a less dangerous compared to other types of crimes. Crimes committed on computers become challenging to track because the society lack s information on this issue. Chat rooms have been made to facilitate chatting and communicating globally (Smith 2004).

Saturday, November 16, 2019

Amnesty Essay Example for Free

Amnesty Essay Ever since we started campaigning in 1961, we’ve worked around the globe to stop the abuse of human rights. Amnesty International Goals and strategy AI aims to maintain every humans basic rights as established under the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. In accordance with this belief, Amnesty works to: †¢Free all Prisoners of Conscience (a POC is a person imprisoned for the peaceful exercise of their beliefs, which differs somewhat from the typical use of the term political prisoner). †¢Ensure fair and prompt trials. †¢Abolish all forms of torture and ill-treatment of prisoners, including the use of the death penalty. End state-sanctioned terrorism, killings, and disappearances. Amnesty International works to combat individual offences (e. g. one man imprisoned for distributing banned literature in Saudi Arabia) as well as more general policies (e. g. the recently overturned policy of executing juvenile offenders in certain U. S. states). Amnesty works primarily on the local level but its forty-year history of action and its Nobel Peace Prize give it international recognition. Most AI members utilize letter-writing to get their message across. When the central Amnesty International organization finds and validates to its satisfaction instances of human rights abuse, they notify each of more than 7,000 local groups as well as over one million independent members, including 300,000 in the United States alone. Groups and members then respond by writing letters of protest and concern to a government official closely involved in the case, generally without mentioning Amnesty directly. Amnesty International follows a neutrality policy called the country rule stating that members should not be active in issues in their own nation, which also protects them from potential mistreatment by their own government. This principle is also applied to researchers and campaigners working for the International Secretariat to prevent domestic political loyalties influencing coverage. Recently, Amnesty has expanded the scope of its work to include economic, social and cultural rights, saying that these concerns had arisen out of its traditional work on political and civil rights. Its 2004 annual report said that it is difficult to achieve sustainable progress towards implementation of any one human right in isolation. AI will strive to assert a holistic view of rights protection. It will be particularly important to do so in relation to extreme poverty, and the human rights issues underlying poverty. [2] As an example it asserts that The right to effective political participation depends on a free media, but also on an educated and literate population. [3]

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Sexual Harrassment Essay -- essays papers

Sexual Harrassment Sexual Harassment in the Work Place I. Definition Sexual harassment is a form of sex discrimination that violates Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964. Unwelcome sexual advances, requests for sexual favors, and other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature constitutes sexual harassment when submission to or rejection of this conduct explicitly or implicitly affects an individual’s employment, unreasonably interferes with an individual’s work performance or creates an intimidating, hostile or offensive work environment. Sexual harassment can occur in a variety of circumstances, including but not limited to the following: The victim as well as the harasser may be a woman or a man. The victim does not have to be of the opposite sex. In Oncale v. Sundowner, the US Supreme Court decided just this month unanimously ruling that same sex complaints are covered by the law. The harasser can be the victim’s supervisor, an agent of the employer, a supervisor in another area, a co-worker, or a non-employee. The victim does not have to be the person harassed but could be anyone affected by the offensive conduct.  ¨ Unlawful sexual harassment may occur without economic injury to or discharge of the victim. The harasser’s conduct must be unwelcome. It is becoming increasingly rare to find the traditional â€Å"quid pro quo† claim of sexual harassment. The current trend is that of a â€Å"hostile work environment† which can be much more difficult for the employer to address. The EEOC considers the following factors in determining whether or not an environment is sexually hostile: Whether the conduct was verbal or physical or both How frequently it was repeated Whether the conduct was hostile or patently offensive Whether the alleged harasser was a co-worker or supervisor Whether others joined in perpetrating the harassment, and whether the harassment was directed at more than one individual. No one factor controls but an assessment is made based upon the totality of circumstances. II. Regarding Employees It is helpful for the victim to directly inform the harasser that the conduct is unwelcome and must stop. However, a victim of harassment need not always confront his/her harasser directly, so long as his/her conduct demonstrates that the harasser’s behavior is unwelcome. The victim sho... ... the employer be liable if they do or do not encourage or discourage workers from starting relationships that may go bad and cause problems on the job later. These are complicated issues and there are no cut and dry answers. Relationships develop in work areas all the time and always will. On a personal level, before you become involved with someone at work, there are consequences that should be considered. Once more, there have been many successful marriages so it is not necessarily taboo. If you are in a management position, you should be prepared to handle the complications that may result when one of these relationships go bad and effect work performance. For example, Michael’s boss could have handled the situation better. He actually made the decision to transfer Mary. Michael only recommended the transfer. Maybe he should have told Michael he needed to be the one to go. As the political make up of the US Supreme Court changes, and the decisions that determine what constitutes sexual harassment change, Human Resource Managers need to be ready to adapt and change with those swings. Sexual harassment is just one of a myriad of issues that have to be dealt with.

Monday, November 11, 2019

Akamai Teknologi

Why don’t major business firms distribute their videos using P2P networks like BitTorrent? BitTorrent is a protocol that supports the practice of peer-to-peer file sharing and is used for distributing large amounts of data over the Internet. Peer-to-peer  (P2P) networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or work loads between peers.Emerging collaborative P2P systems are going beyond the era of peers doing similar things while sharing resources, and are looking for diverse peers that can bring in unique resources and capabilities to a virtual community thereby empowering it to engage in greater tasks beyond those that can be accomplished by individual peers, yet that are beneficial to all the peers. Major business firms distribute their videos not using P2P networks like BitTorrent Because Akamai’s service is available in all countries in the world.For example, 85% of the world’s Internet users are within a single network â€Å"ho p† of an Akamai server. Akamai has A wide range of large corporate and government clients: 1 out of every 3 global Fortune 500 companies, 90 of the top 100 online U. S. retailers, all branches of the U. S. military, all of the top Internet portals, all the major U. S. sports leagues, and so on. Akamai has over 73,000 servers on nearly 1,000 networks in 70 countries around the world. In the 2010, Akamai delivers between 15% and 30% of all Web traffic, and hundreds of billions of daily Internet interactions.Akamai’s massive server deployment and relationships with networks throughout the World enable optimal collection of geography and bandwidth-sensing information. Beside that, the Akamai it has an special way which this company is using it to make an easily download’s for the costumers such as videos, music and so on. However, Web sites that are â€Å"Akamaized† can be delivered anywhere from 4 to 10 times as fast as non-Akamaized content. P2P means the sh aring of files between users of the P2P service such as Bittorent or Bitlord. But this also means that all users are actually servers meaning that it is not easy to collect user data.Also major firms might want to use Akamai instead of P2P as it is more reliable, secure and stable. With the underlying infrastructure of the Internet major companies will most likely not benefit from P2P services. Due to the slow loading of websites companies will most likely chose for a web-streamed based content. These content are often saved on a local server and are most likely quicker distributed to their costumers. As a result, Akamai provides a highly accurate knowledge base with worldwide coverage. Customers integrate a simple program into their Web server or application server.This program communicates with the Akamai database to retrieve the very latest information. The Akamai network of servers is constantly mapping the Internet, and at the same time, each company’s software is in con tinual communication with the Akamai network. The result: data is always current. Advertisers can deliver ads based on country, region, city, market area, area code, county, zip code, connection type, and speed. http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/BitTorrent http://en. wikibooks. org/wiki/The_World_of_Peer-to Peer_(P2P)/Networks_and_Protocols/BitTorrent http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Peer-to-peer

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Emerging Technology and Its Implications Essay

With the increasing attention being accorded to climate change in the mainstream media these days, there is also an increased attention being given to technological solutions to assist in combating the problem. While such solutions are admirable in that they go above and beyond the usual calls for recycling and the purchase of ‘green’ products – which have been proven to be of trivial impact upon the large scale flaws in systems of production and consumption that characterize industrial modernity – not all of them should embraced uncritically. It is only by subjecting every proposal to save the planet to scrutiny that we can determine a truly sustainable future. One of the ideas that has been receiving increasing currency in environmentalist discussions are large scale planetary ‘technofixes’ collectively referred to as geo-engineering or planetary engineering. These include mirrors in space designed to reflect excess amount of sunlight, artificial trees designed to suck carbon out of the atmosphere, and managed release of sulfates into the atmosphere, and many, many other epic plans to manipulate the ecological fabric of our planet.   Here’s the rub: The term geo engineering is a rather questionable one, as it implies that it has the same kind of empirical or mathematical certainty as engineering when it doesn’t. It smoothens over many of the bumps and curves that characterize our problems and demand creative solutions. In effect, planetary salvation becomes as easy as building a tunnel into a hill or a bridge across a river, when in fact our collective understanding of the systemic impacts is far less than the geo engineering promoters would have us believe. One might as well call it ‘planetary experimentation.’ While the potential benefits proposed are of an epic magnitude, this magnitude would also apply to the potential consequences. Take for example a proposal to suck carbon dioxide into the planet’s oceans by seeding it with iron deposits. Many, including the Scientific Steering Committee of the Surface Ocean-Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) and the World Conservation Union (IUCN) have observed that this has the potential to worsen ocean acidification and lead to catastrophic results for marine ecology: â€Å"The oceans are complex, dynamic, unpredictable and already vulnerable †¦ We need   [to] build their resilience, not undermine it [not] quick fixes to this global problem that may [cause far more long-term harm] than good.† (Gjerde) Additionally, the historical track record of large scale intervention in the name of environmental concern has never been very good to begin with, asserts Alex Steffen of Worldchanging: â€Å"From damming rivers to fighting forest fires to eliminating pests †¦ efforts have †¦ in hindsight [been] so overrun with unintended consequences as to become full-blown disasters, often †¦ worse than the original problems †¦. [And the] cost of errors [increase] with the magnitude of the attempted solution.† (Steffen) Geo engineering is essentially a ‘silver bullet’ solution, one which reduces the political will to creatively retrofit our present lifestyles in such a manner as to be sustainable and environmentally sound, while still being able to enjoy the luxuries of post-industrial advancements. In essence, the tools for a greener world are already here and their downsides are negligible in the face of overwhelming benefits both environmental and societal. In any case, discussion over geo engineering merely provides a distraction from mustering the political will necessary to effect true change. It provides climate change skeptics a justification for political indifference to redressing our present way of life: Why opt for better designed cities, fuel efficient vehicles and profound infrastructural rethinking when we can merely ‘erase’ the effects of our problematic systems? One’s stance on geo engineering is not a question of whether you are a techno utopian or a complete Luddite. However, there is a major distinction to be made between technology that is transparent in agenda, collaborative in nature, and egalitarian in application as well as easy to remedy and technology that is centralized, expensive and difficult to reverse. Between â€Å"Star Wars† –   a missile defense system saddled with so much corruption that does nothing to provide for homeland security – and nuclear power – a promise of perpetual source of energy whose failures wreaked massive consequences – we ought to regard geo engineering with suspicion: dangerous until proven safe. Geo engineering is unnecessary. â€Å"Fixing† the planet in such a manner is turning a blind eye to the way we live: it shows a lack of innovation and political courage that is necessary to the bright green future.   Works Cited Stiles, Lori. â€Å"Space Sunshade Might Be Feasible In Global Warming Emergency.† NASA Earth Observatory. 3 November 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from: http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/Newsroom/MediaAlerts/2006/2006110323537.html Bentley, Molly. â€Å"Guns and sunshades to rescue climate.† BBC News. 2 March 2006. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/4762720.stm Gjerde, Kristina. â€Å"Hold back the geo-engineering tide.† BBC News. 11 December 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7133619.stm Romm, Joseph. â€Å"Rule three of offsets: No geo-engineering.† Grist Magazine Online. 27 July 2007. Retrieved July 8, 2008 from:   http://gristmill.grist.org/story/2007/7/27/144848/844

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Free Essays on Moores Ford Lynchings

The Long Route Home: On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moore’s Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. â€Å"Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer,† George Dorsey’s nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were known by name was Loy Harrison. Loy Harrison may not have been an obvious suspect to the investigators, but Harrison was the sole perpetrator in the unsolved Moore’s Ford Lynching case. The motive appeared to be hatred and the crime hurt the image of the state leaving the town in an outrage due to the injustice that left the victims in unmarked graves (Jordon,31). Many African Americans lived on farms and tended for white landowners. Bob Hester was a landowner, on this farm the Moore’s Ford Lynching began. On July 14, Roger Malcom followed Dorothy Malcom to Hester’s farm, Roger was arguing with her. According to the original FBI report, Hunter 2 Hester’s son, Barney, told Malcom to leave. As he was leaving a fight broke out between Malcom and Hester. Malcom then pulled out a knife and stabbed Hester in the chest. The reason for the argument is uncertain although at that time Barney Hester may have been having an affair with Dorothy Malcom. One of the neighbors said that the black community felt it had more to do with sex than anything else did (Suggs,C1). After the fight broke out, Barney Hester was taken to the hospital and Roger Malcom was taken to jail. On the morning before the lynching s, Harrison d... Free Essays on Moore's Ford Lynchings Free Essays on Moore's Ford Lynchings The Long Route Home: On July 25, 1946, two young black couples- Roger and Dorothy Malcom, George and Mae Murray Dorsey-were killed by a lynch mob at the Moore’s Ford Bridge over the Appalachee River connecting Walton and Oconee Counties (Brooks, 1). The four victims were tied up and shot hundreds of times in broad daylight by a mob of unmasked men; murder weapons included rifles, shotguns, pistols, and a machine gun. â€Å"Shooting a black person was like shooting a deer,† George Dorsey’s nephew, George Washington Dorsey said (Suggs C1). It has been over fifty years and this case is still unsolved by police investigators. It is known that there were atleast a dozen men involved in these killings. Included in the four that were known by name was Loy Harrison. Loy Harrison may not have been an obvious suspect to the investigators, but Harrison was the sole perpetrator in the unsolved Moore’s Ford Lynching case. The motive appeared to be hatred and the crime hurt the image of the state leaving the town in an outrage due to the injustice that left the victims in unmarked graves (Jordon,31). Many African Americans lived on farms and tended for white landowners. Bob Hester was a landowner, on this farm the Moore’s Ford Lynching began. On July 14, Roger Malcom followed Dorothy Malcom to Hester’s farm, Roger was arguing with her. According to the original FBI report, Hunter 2 Hester’s son, Barney, told Malcom to leave. As he was leaving a fight broke out between Malcom and Hester. Malcom then pulled out a knife and stabbed Hester in the chest. The reason for the argument is uncertain although at that time Barney Hester may have been having an affair with Dorothy Malcom. One of the neighbors said that the black community felt it had more to do with sex than anything else did (Suggs,C1). After the fight broke out, Barney Hester was taken to the hospital and Roger Malcom was taken to jail. On the morning before the lynching s, Harrison d...

Tuesday, November 5, 2019

Solutions for Challenging Counting Problems

Solutions for Challenging Counting Problems Counting can seem like an easy task to perform. As we go deeper into the area of mathematics known as combinatorics, we realize that we come across some large numbers. Since the factorial shows up so often, and a number such as 10! is greater than three million, counting problems can get complicated very quickly if we attempt to list out all of the possibilities. Sometimes when we consider all of the possibilities that our counting problems can take on, its easier to think through the underlying principles of the problem. This strategy can take much less time than trying brute force to list out a number of combinations or permutations. The question How many ways can something be done? is a different question entirely from What are the ways that something can be done? We will see this idea at work in the following set of challenging counting problems. The following set of questions involves the word TRIANGLE. Note that there are a total of eight letters. Let it be understood that the vowels of the word TRIANGLE are AEI, and the consonants of the word TRIANGLE are LGNRT. For a real challenge, before reading further check out a version of these problems without solutions. The Problems How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged?Solution: Here there are a total of eight choices for the first letter, seven for the second, six for the third, and so on. By the multiplication principle we multiply for a total of 8 x 7 x 6 x 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 8! 40,320 different ways.How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters must be RAN (in that exact order)?Solution: The first three letters have been chosen for us, leaving us five letters. After RAN we have five choices for the next letter followed by four, then three, then two then one. By the multiplication principle, there are 5 x 4 x 3 x 2 x 1 5! 120 ways to arrange the letters in a specified way.How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters must be RAN (in any order)?Solution: Look at this as two independent tasks: the first arranging the letters RAN, and the second arranging the other five letters. There are 3! 6 wa ys to arrange RAN and 5! Ways to arrange the other five letters. So there are a total of 3! x 5! 720 ways to arrange the letters of TRIANGLE as specified. How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters must be RAN (in any order) and the last letter must be a vowel?Solution: Look at this as three tasks: the first arranging the letters RAN, the second choosing one vowel out of I and E, and the third arranging the other four letters. There are 3! 6 ways to arrange RAN, 2 ways to choose a vowel from the remaining letters and 4! Ways to arrange the other four letters. So there are a total of 3! X 2 x 4! 288 ways to arrange the letters of TRIANGLE as specified.How many ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the first three letters must be RAN (in any order) and the next three letters must be TRI (in any order)?Solution: Again we have three tasks: the first arranging the letters RAN, the second arranging the letters TRI, and the third arranging the other two letters. There are 3! 6 ways to arrange RAN, 3! ways to arrange TRI and two ways to arrange the other letters. So there are a total of 3! x 3! X 2 72 ways to arrange the letters of TRIANGLE as indicated. How many different ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the order and the placement of the vowels IAE cannot be changed?Solution: The three vowels must be kept in the same order. Now there are a total of five consonants to arrange. This can be done in 5! 120 ways.How many different ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the order of the vowels IAE cannot be changed, though their placement may (IAETRNGL and TRIANGEL are acceptable but EIATRNGL and TRIENGLA are not)?Solution: This is best thought of in two steps. Step one is to choose the places that the vowels go. Here we are picking three places out of eight, and the order that we do this is not important. This is a combination and there are a total of C(8,3) 56 ways to perform this step. The remaining five letters may be arranged in 5! 120 ways. This gives a total of 56 x 120 6720 arrangements.How many different ways can the letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the order of the vowels IAE can be changed, though their placement may not?Solution: This is really the same thing as #4 above, but with different letters. We arrange three letters in 3! 6 ways and the other five letters in 5! 120 ways. The total number of ways for this arrangement is 6 x 120 720. How many different ways can six letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged?Solution: Since we are talking about an arrangement, this is a permutation and there are a total of P( 8, 6) 8!/2! 20,160 ways.How many different ways can six letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if there must be an equal number of vowels and consonants?Solution: There is only one way to select the vowels we are going to place. Choosing the consonants can be done in C(5, 3) 10 ways. There are then 6! ways to arrange the six letters. Multiply these numbers together for the result of 7200.How many different ways can six letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if there must be at least one consonant?Solution: Every arrangement of six letters satisfies the conditions, so there are P(8, 6) 20,160 ways.How many different ways can six letters of the word TRIANGLE be arranged if the vowels must alternate with consonants?Solution: There are two possibilities, the first letter is a vowel or the first letter is a consonant. If the first letter is a vowel we have three choices, followed by five for a consonant, two for a second vowel, four for a second consonant, one for the last vowel and three for the last consonant. We multiply this to obtain 3 x 5 x 2 x 4 x 1 x 3 360. By symmetry arguments, there are the same number of arrangements that start with a consonant. This gives a total of 720 arrangements. How many different sets of four letters can be formed from the word TRIANGLE?Solution: Since we are talking about a set of four letters from a total of eight, the order is not important. We need to calculate the combination C(8, 4) 70.How many different sets of four letters can be formed from the word TRIANGLE that has two vowels and two consonants?Solution: Here we are forming our set in two steps. There are C(3, 2) 3 ways to choose two vowels from a total of 3. There are C(5, 2) 10 ways to choose to consonants from the five available. This gives a total of 3x10 30 sets possible.How many different sets of four letters can be formed from the word TRIANGLE if we want at least one vowel?Solution: This can be calculated as follows: The number of sets of four with one vowel is C(3, 1) x C( 5, 3) 30.The number of sets of four with two vowels is C(3, 2) x C( 5, 2) 30.The number of sets of four with three vowels is C(3, 3) x C( 5, 1) 5. This gives a total of 65 different sets. Alternately we could calculate that there are 70 ways to form a set of any four letters, and subtract the C(5, 4) 5 ways of obtaining a set with no vowels.

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Medical Billing and Coding Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical Billing and Coding - Research Paper Example In healthcare systems, there are also regulations that govern the way in which the institutions bill their goods and services. In an argument by Kavaler & Spiegel (2003) prior to the creation of billing strategies a healthcare institution should ensure the specifications provided for by the both the W.T.O and legal laws in the country are adhered to. For instance, in some nations all public healthcare institutions are required to give free Tuberculosis funds. In these nations, such a law must be adhered to by all institutions regardless of the preferred billing strategy by an organization. This is different from other business entities which have the freedom to price their commodities. It is a democratic country, business entities are given the freedom to decide on their preferred pricing decisions (Lucas, 2008). However, health institutions are not independent because of their function in the environment. The influence of medical institutions should be regulated in order to promote equality in the provision of the service. Different in the healthcare system pricing is the fact that there are specific quoted prices for drugs. This makes the market an equal opportunity for success for all institutions. Additionally, this fact reduces the competition level of the market. Healthcare institution cannot use the pricing strategy to gain a greatest competitive advantage. However, health care institutions have the opportunity to alter this disadvantage when providing services for patients. The pricing of services is not regulated by any healthy body. Healthcare  institutions only rely on pricing services to satisfy their billing objectives. For this reason, many organizations invest mostly in providing quality services. Additionally, the quality of services provided is directly proportional to the pricing of the service. However, a significant number of healthcare organizations alter the quoted market price by a slim margin to incorporate cost incurred through processes like logistics. Apart from altering the market price, healthcare institutions offer specific purchasing packages.