Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Ethical Treatment of Animals - 2645 Words

ETHICAL TREATMENT OF ANIMALS If you systematically question the significance and use of existence you are a philosopher, either amateur or expert. Ethics is the division of philosophy that asks how nation supposed to live their lives and how they ought to act good and right to each one. Animal ethics is equal but contains animals. Robert Garner in his book Animal Ethics says Animal ethics look to examine values that are apprehended concerning the moral standing of non-human animals. (Audi, 2010). Our correlation with animals is based on values we take in from our background and social way of life. We recognize these values, frequently on conviction from our seniors, without testing or studying them. But unexamined values when performed can do massive destruction everybody has a few contact with animals straight or not directly, either agricultural or shooting animals, eating them, providing food to their pets factory farmed animals, going to the zoo, by means of weathered substances on animals or washing with animal-based soap. Hitherto the largest part of nation do not understand the pain and damage people inflict on animals since it goes mainly out of view and where it peaks on top of the surface it is endured as usual. Here is the point. The damage humans are doing to animals amounts to a holocaust that we have to take in hand (Audi, 2010). If we are to make refined evolution we have to understand what we are doing to animals and consider on how we ought treatingShow MoreRelatedThe Ethical Treatment Of Animals1230 Words   |  5 PagesHowever, at many universities the use of live animal mascots is taking place. While some view this as exploitation of the animals, others see the royal treatment these animals get and carry a different opinion. People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA) give their input with an article titled, â€Å"Live-Animal Mascots Get an ‘F’.† This organization takes a strong stance for animals everywhere. They believe that there is no real reason to put a live animal on the field rather than a costumed humanRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1237 Words   |  5 PagesErasistratus of Alexandria to Galen, who is known as the creator of experimental physiology, animals have been test subjects in experiments for more than two thousand years (Day 35). Every year in the world as many as twenty-two million animals are used for scientific or medical purposes (Day 10). A variety of animals are experimented on, including rats, mice, rabbits, dogs, cats, and primates (Day 10). Those against animal research believe the tests are pointless (Day 10). They presume if the experimentsRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1267 Words   |  6 Pageswhether or not animals should be allowed to be used as subjects in research, entertainment, or clothing is one of the most controversial issues known in today’s society (Parks 21). Through time, animal rights have acquired several different definitions and opinions from people. Regarding their belief about the true meaning of animal rights, People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA), a largely recognized animal rights activist organization, states: Animal rights means that animals deserve certainRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals991 Words   |  4 Pagesespecially when it comes to the treatment of animals. The group PETA which stands for People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals is know as the largest animal rights group in the world. With an estimated three million members and supporters the organization believes that â€Å" Animals are not ours to eat. Wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way† and fights to protects those rights of animals (PETA). PETA was founded in March 1980 by animal rights activist Alex Pacheco andRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment Of Animal Testing1199 Words   |  5 Pagesnot animals such as mice and rats should be experimented on. The organization Psychologist for the Ethical Treatment of Animals believes in observing animals instead of experimenting on them (Meyer). Another known organization is People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals (PETA). An organization that is in favor of animal experimentation is called Pro-Test and is located in the United Kingdom (UK). This organization thinks that experimenting on animals may help humans. About 95% of animals are notRead MoreAnimal Rights And The Ethical Treatment Of Animals1801 Words   |  8 Pageseven order the cheese because a cow had to produce milk to make the cheese. The subject of animal rights incites heated debates. On one end of the spectrum would be animal rights organizations like People for the Ethical treatment of Animals or PETA for short. PETA takes a stance against any use of any animal, even using silk from silk worms. According to this organization, the only tolerable use of an animal is a neutered companion pet in the backyard. On the other end of the spectrum would be theRead MorePeople for the Ethical Treatment of Animals1191 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction PETA (People for the Ethical Treatment of Animals) is an American organization for animal rights. It gives voice against four major issues regarding treatment of animals such as fur farming, using animals for entertainment, factory farming, and animal testing. PETA also fights against eating animals, killing of animals, keeping chained dogs, bullfighting, and cock fighting. Even though the organization intention is good to save the life of the animal, PETA is often considered as unrealisticRead MorePeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals ( Peta ) Is A Non Profit Animal Activist Group1579 Words   |  7 PagesPeople For The Ethical Treatment Of Animals (PETA) is a non-profit animal activist group that focuses explicitly on exposing animal brutality and ensuring the safety of all animals. PETA promises to protect animals from misconduct, abuse, brutality, and inhumane slaughtering. The activist group’s official motto is, ‘’ Animals are not ours to eat, wear, experiment on, use for entertainment, or abuse in any other way’’(PETA). This motto officially means that animals are not ours to use or causeRead MoreThe Ethical Treatment of Animals Essay539 Words   |  3 Pagesbelieve in the ethical treatment for all animals is an ethical obligation by all humans. We have come to an era that we believe that all humans should be treated equally and fairly. Well, what about our other living, breathing counterparts? They deserve to live their life as they choose in quality and in the pursuit of happiness. Just as Europeans came and took over Northern Americas land and resources on the Indians. We have also taken over the land and resources from all of the animals. TheRead MoreThe Issue of Ethical Treatment of Animals1441 Words   |  6 PagesAnimal Rights Introduction The issue of ethical treatment of animals has been a subject of discussion for many years and among many scholars. It has raised legal issues especially among the animal care specialists and bodies trying to ensure that there is a standard way of treating animals. Whether the animals are pets or are for food later on, there has been a growing need for the ethical treatment of them all. This is an issue that disturbs many Americans, me included since it is unethical

Monday, December 16, 2019

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Free Essays

Purchasing and Supply Chain Management Assessment 1 Nessa’s Bar Report Course Code: BS1D75 Student Number: 08154619, 09046100, 09030883, 09046577, 09047735 Contents Page †¢1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. We will write a custom essay sample on Purchasing and Supply Chain Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now . †¢1. 1. 2 Solution – Poor Organisation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 2. 1 Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¢1. 3. 1 Problem – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 3. 2Solution – Poor Management†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 2. 0 Recommendations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. †¢3. 0 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢4. 0 References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¢5. 0 Bibliograpgy†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 1. 1. 1 Problem – Poor Organisation on Purchasing and Supply The business suffers from poor organisation in the purchase of supplies. The purc hasing of goods and services for the business use is known as Procurement. There are three managers who all participate in the purchase of items; each person purchases items they think necessary often leading to double orders or items not being bought at all. There are several suppliers used some of which deliver while others operate a cash and carry policy, causing partners to use their own transport. Although several suppliers are utilised, the lack of regular custom by the company causes lack of interest by the suppliers and so the company misses out on priority service and possibly loyalty bonuses sometimes offered by these outlets designed to encourage repeat custom. Webster and wind (1972) Are concerned with sellers being aware of what buyers may be doing but also it should be important that buyers are aware of what seller are likely to do. A significant amount of stock is wasted due to the haphazard means of stock control. The company likes to have a well filled freezer to protect against low stock levels or unavailability of items, which in turn ties up capital unnecessarily. 1. 1. 1Solution – Poor Organisation A solution to this problem could be the hiring of a trained buyer who would control purchases made by the company. The advantage of this would be a single buyer would not order double quantities and excessive or unnecessary stock would not be purchased. As a result stock control would be easier to manage. Organised purchasing would help to keep stock levels steady and unnecessary goods would not be stock piled, thereby releasing capital allowing money to be used efficiently and cost effectively. Hiring an expert may seem expensive but could save significant amounts of money and time. Possibly one of the managers could take part in a purchase training programme to gain the skills as they already have inside understanding of the company and how it is run. This would prove cost efficient and save money on outsourcing. To solve the problem, the organisation could hire trained buyers to take over the three manager’s buying work. The advantages of hiring experts on buying stock for the organisation are that when there is only one person managing the buying, stock would be clearer and overlapping or lack of stock would be avoided. This could release the capital as stock would be more organised and money would be used more efficiently. However, hiring experts might be expensive and would be costly efficient for the organisation. In this case one of the managers could go on purchasing training program to gain skills in terms of buying, meaning the company will have a buying expert, who also knows the business well, and the company will not be wasting capital on hiring an external expert. 1. 2. 1Problem – Purchasing Policy Procedures The company experiences problems with paper work not matching the goods purchased. This has resulted in some suppliers banning the buyers from their establishment and refusing credit facilities as payment may have been overlooked or invoices mislaid and no payment being processed. The reputation of the company has been spoiled as non payment of invoices has caused it to be branded untrustworthy, subsequently it is not given priority as a respected business would be. Some suppliers expect cash on receipt of goods and this can cause a cash flow problem. Negative word of mouth may be passed around trade fairs or board meetings, which will have a negative impact on suppliers considering entering in to business with `Nessa’s Bar’. 1. 2. 2Solutions – Purchasing Policy Procedures A solution to this problem could be a change in the purchasing procedure of the company. In a mechanistic structure, authority is centralised at the summit of the managerial hierarchy and vertical authority is use to control human and material resources. Mechanistic structures operate most effectively in stable environments. † (Lysons, P158) A management structure needs to be established in which everyone understands their role within the company. Also a system for dealing with paperwork needs to be organised so that a good relationship can be developed between the company and its suppliers. 1. 3. 1Problem – Poor Management The company wastes a great deal of time on low value goods. Security is very expensive but necessary. The bar employs its own cleaning staff and purchase cleaning materials as needed but these disappear from the stockroom as there is no inventory method in place to control the use of these items. All members of staff have access to the stockroom and as there is no organisation there is no stock checking system. This ultimately leads to confusion with the buying of items as the company is unaware of the exact inventory of goods available for use and what needs to be purchased. . 3. 2Solution – Poor Management To solve the problem, the organisation could introduce VMI (Vendor Managed Inventory) â€Å"VMI is a collaborative strategy between a customer and supplier to optimize the availability of products at a minimal cost to the two companies. † (Baily, P 181) Suppliers take responsibility for managing the stock which is constantly monitored and updated. (Baily, P181) Time could then be utilised on other jobs rather than being spent on low value goods. This could be a problem as the supplier then controls the stock rather than the company, but any shortfalls would again become the responsibility of the company. â€Å"Acronyms for VMI include: CRP (continuous replenishment programs), SAIM (supplier-assisted inventory management), SAIR (supplier-assisted inventory replenishment), ECR (efficient consumer response). † (Lysons, P357) The organisation could outsource cleaning and security to professional companies as they would be more skilled and knowledgeable than the staff in the organisation. Outsourcing as: The strategic use of outside resources to perform activities traditionally handled by internal staff and resources. † (Baily, P115) It can be considered that outsourcing both cleaning and security could be expensive and there is no guarantee as to the standards of the work carried out, but the training of staff to carry out these services could cost even more. By outsourcing the less important work more time would be come available to be spent on core business operations. However there are disadvantages to outsourcing as Lacity and Hirscheim point out that; â€Å"†¦the employee culture is too fragmented or hostile for the organisation to come back together† (Lysons, P402). The employees from the outsourcing company might have a strong employee culture or different work ethics and find it difficult to fit into the working environment of Nessa’s Bar. 1. 4. 1 Problem – Costs/ Expenses The majority of expense faced by the company are; rent, staff wages, beverages, food and other consumables. The bar spends approximately ? 00k per annum on beverages with a further ? 60k being spent on foods and other consumables. 1. 4. 2 Solution – Costs/ Expenses A possible solution to these problems would be the reduction of staff employed at the business. Should cleaning and security be outsourced then the staff currently employed to carry out these tasks are no longer required and could be laid off. Well managed stock would save the com pany money as would developing a better relationship with suppliers who might offer discounts on goods and better delivery services. †¦requiring production when, and not before, a customer requires something, and the pursuit and elimination of waste in production and associated planning and purchasing†¦ †(Baily, P177) JIT can keep the stock level to be low in the organisation, which can prevent unnecessary capital to be stuck as stock. The utilisation of a VMI system for stock control could prove to be more cost effective for the company as the supplier takes responsibility for stock management. Suppliers have more experience of this kind of system and would ensure the smooth running of the stockroom. The company would receive higher levels of service as less time would be spent on low value goods and as there would be less stock wastage the company would achieve improved revenue. (Baily, P182) 2. 0 Recommendations 3. 0 Conclusion Currently there are problems with Nessa’s bar as it operates on an inefficient and disorganised system. Basic errors including order duplication, failing to pay suppliers, wasting time on low value goods, and a lack of purchasing knowledge has resulted in a loss of money, time and stock. Also the non payment of invoices has given the company a bad reputation with suppliers. The company could hire a professional buyer who specialises in purchasing goods thereby eradicating the possibility of mistakes being made when goods are ordered. Time would be saved by orders not being duplicated, items overstocked, or wasted on low value goods. If this is not a viable economic option then one of the three managers could be trained to assume the role and take on the responsibility for these tasks. One person would then make decisions, an advantage would be that they already have a working knowledge of the company and they are also known to the other managers from the outset. A centralised approach with just one national supplier would make purchasing easier and more cost effective for the company as they will reduce the amount of paperwork by receiving one invoice rather than several. This will assist ease of stock control and management. 4. 0 Reference Baily P. Purchasing Principles and Management, Financial Times/Pitman Publishing (Tenth edition) Lysons K. 2000) Purchasing and Supply Chain Management (5th Edition), Financial Times/Pitman Publishing Webster F and Wind Y (1972) Organisational buying behaviour, Prentice Hall, New York. American Marketing Association. (1995). Market research. Available: http://dis. shef. ac. uk/sheila/marketing/research. htm. Last accessed 28. Febuary 2010. R. Srinivasan. (1988). Brand Accounting-An Emerging Concept. Available: www. londonmba. o rg/†¦ /Brand%20Accounting-An%20Emerging%20Concept_by%20R. %20Srinivasan. doc. Last accessed 1 March 2010. 5. 0 Bibliography Kotler, P. Armstrong, G. (2000) Principles of Marketing (9th edition) Prentice Hall. How to cite Purchasing and Supply Chain Management, Essays

Sunday, December 8, 2019

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay Example For Students

Gustave Courbets Reclining Nude Essay In the Philadelphia Museum of Art are five paintings by Gustave Courbet; of all of these I found Reclining Nude 1868, Oil on canvas, The Louis Stern Collection, 63-81-20 the most interesting. It depicts a nude woman lying on the beach beneath a billowing canopy. A dark, but tranquil sea is in the background. The sky is dark as if the final rays of the sun were disappearing over the horizon. There are a few clouds in the sky, they are dark but not threatening. The picture is very dark in general and there is no obvious light source. The edges of the painting are so dark it is impossible to tell what the nude reclines against. A very dim light falls on the woman, who lies on her right side. The upper half of her torso is twisted to her left and her hips and legs face the viewer. Her right leg is bent slightly so her calf is beneath her straightened left leg. The woman is not as thin as classical nudes, her hips are somewhat broad and her thighs are slightly heavy. Her arms are crossed languidly over her head. Because her arms are crossed over her head, her face is almost completely in the shadows; this shadowing covers the detail of her face in such a way that she could be almost anyone. She gazes wistfully at the ground to her left. The woman is rendered very softly and is in a very sensuous pose. This picture would have been found scandalous for its sexual overtones as was Courbets La Demoiselles au bord de la Seine. A scarlet cloth lies in front of her; it has a very rumpled look which has sexual implications. The vacant, wistful look and the languid crossing of her arms suggests that she is thinking of a lover who has just left her. The careful shadowing of her facial features leads one to believe she has something to hide from public knowledge. It is not covered enough, however, for one to believe she has any shame for appearing in so public a place in such a position; this, too, would have been found scandalous in the 1860s. Now, however, compared to such displays of sexuality and nudity as found in magazines such as Penthouse and Playgirl or X-rated movies, the picture is perceived as a modest, proper display of sexuality. Today there is nothing offensive about the womans display of sexuality. One other reason that the critics and public would have found this picture offensive is that to them this is not a display of nudity, but a display of nakedness. The woman is perceived as naked rather than nude, because she is not in a classical setting or an important person portrayed in a classical setting. This is not a picture of a nude Venus rising from the sea foam or a nude Psyche with her adoring Cupid. This woman is not even a rich patroness being portrayed in one of the classical settings. This woman could be any fair-haired woman;whe is a common woman, most likely the artists mistress or even a prostitute. Her nudity is for sensual display, not for classical purposes, therefore it was perceived as nakedness and therefore obscene. Though the woman in combination with her surroundings may have been offensive, there is nothing offensive about her surroundings alone. The setting is a beach at nightfall. In the foreground one sees a bright scarlet cloth lying on a dark beach. It is a very ruffly piece of cloth tossed casulally aside. In the middle ground is the woman, and whatever she reclines against. It is so dark that one cannot tell what it is, but it is painted in bold, swirling brush strokes; there is very little color other than black, aside from a few spots of red and gray. Also in the middle ground is the billowing canopy under which the woman reclines. .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postImageUrl , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:visited , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active { border:0!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:active , .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79 .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8d35d400ebda27853c8c3b2a61b4be79:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Henri Matisse - La joie de vivre EssayUpon close inspection one can see the canopy is gray and blue striped with thin stripes of scarlet. The canopy appears to be blowing gently in the wind. A loose rope sways slightly. It curves gently to the right. The background is beautifully executed. Behind the nude are the edge of the beach, the ocean, and the night sky. The beach is very dark as is the ocean. However, if one looks closely at the ocean can see the gentle waves of the sea and two tiny sailboats on the horizon. The sky has the beauty of the actual sky as the last colors of the sunset fade over the horizon. The sky highest above the ocean is a very dark gray. In the lighter sky just below it one can see dark billowing clouds. The sky just above the horizon is pinkish and purplish from a distance. The whole background is very tranquil, very peaceful. The coloring of the picture is somewhat disappointing. While one realizes that the time of day which is portrayed is hardly conducive to bright colors, one is still diappointed by the small range of colors used. Courbet uses black, grayu, a blue grey, and scarlet. The only thing with light coloring is the nude, but the flewh tones are very cool colors. There is only one bright color, the cool red which is repeated in the womans cheeks, lips and nipple. The stripes of red in the canopy are not bright at all as they are so muted by the grays and blues. The way in which the scarlet cloth in the foreground calls immediate attention to Courbetthree-quarter inch signature in the left-hand corner almost makes one wonder if thaat one bright splotch of color wasnt added for egotistical reasons. One remembers how the sky above the horizon seemed to have a pink or purple cast, but on closer inspection one finds that it is really a flat bluish-gray. The darkness of the color is understandable, but I believe Monsieur Courbet could have used a wider range of color. There is also little lighting in the picture but it is used more effectively than the colors. A dim light falls on the model, but it is just enough to light her sufficiently to make her stand out. This same dim light falls on a small area of beach around her enabling one to see the rich texture of the sand. Another area of dim light is found just above the horizon, relieving one from the dark infinity of the sky. While the picture is very dark it is not totally without light. While one may find fault with the lack of a wide range of color, one cannot find fault with Courbets technical skills. The picture is well balanced as the outer line of the red cloth in the left hand corner repeats the line of the left side of the womans body and the gentle curve of the rope hanging from the canopy repeats the line of the right hand side of her body. The dim circle of light in the foreground is echoed in the bit of dim light on the horizon, giving the picture of a deeper perspective. The juxtaposition of the woman and the canopy which falls from the right hand corner divides the canvas into three triangular shaped pieces of more or less the same size. This division brings the focal point of these triangles to the womans face. If one starts at the focal point, the range of ones field of vision opens to follow the diverging lines thereby taking in the whole painting until ones eyes reach the frame. Then ones gaze is brought back along the lines until it converges on the face of the woman. .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postImageUrl , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:visited , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active { border:0!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:active , .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77 .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u351f6a58c91bcc5eee6c5029c245fa77:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Painting Review: Curry's Tornado Over Kansas EssayBecause the area of the top left hand corner is so dark, it puts even more emphasis on the head of the woman as a focal part. This careful, fanlike division of the picture into three similar shapes is balancing as well as enabling the artist to direct the viewers eyes. If one follows these lines of vision one is more able to appreciate Courbets careful attention to the curves and anatomy of the womans body, as well as his eye for small detail such as the two tiny boats on the horizon. While many critics of Courbets time could not understand his choice of subject matter, they could appreciate his execution of the subject mat ter. Gustave Courbets subject matter may not have been understood or considered proper in his day, but now they are considered to be more acceptable. One, whether of the past or present, must appreciate his technical abilities; his mastery of line, form, and balance. Though his lack of color is disappointing, the picture in itself is very pleasing to look at because it is such a tran- quil, restful scene. While Courbet was not totally appreciated in his day, he is in these times considered to be an excellent artist.

Sunday, December 1, 2019

Influence of International Organisations free essay sample

Discuss the influence of international organisations and contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation. | Throughout the recent decades, international organisations, trading blocs and agreements such as the European Union (EU), Asia-Pacific Economic Corporation (APEC), North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) and Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN) have influenced the promotion of globalisation throughout economies. The positive and negative outcomes of the influence of international organisations, contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation are outlined. Trading bloc occurs when a number of countries join together in a formal preferential trading agreement to the exclusion of other countries, such as the EU and NAFTA. As global trade has grown and as more economies form trading blocs – countries in recent years have moved to form agreements and trading alliances to ensure that they are in the best position to gain from growing trade opportunities and also to avoid being excluded from the emerging trading blocs. We will write a custom essay sample on Influence of International Organisations or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The promotion of the advantages of joining emerging trading blocs would place countries excluded from trading blocs and agreements at a disadvantage. Trade agreements can be bilateral (involving two countries – like Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement, CERTA between Australia and New Zealand) or multilateral/regional (occurring on a regional basis – like NAFTA), or global (World Trade Organisation). Trade Agreements promote free trade exclusively amongst members or can be open to all nations. Free trade agreements are formal agreements between countries designed to break down barriers to trade between those nations. While these agreements are generally described as free trade agreements, in context it is more accurate to call them preferential trade agreements because in effect, they give more favourable access to goods and services from one nation or a group of nations part of the trade agreement compared to another. A negative effect of a preferential trade agreement is that they can make it harder for nations outside the preferential trade agreement to trade with the countries who are part of the agreement. In this respect, they may not create better conditions for global free trade at all. In contrast, global free trade agreements conducted through the World Trade Organisation (WTO) are designed to break down all global trade restrictions and free up world trade. Advantages and disadvantages through the growing influence of trading blocs and trade agreements in the global economy have increased through the free trade between countries part of trading blocs/agreements and the increased barrier between countries part of a trading bloc/agreement and ones not part of it. The outlined disadvantages of trade agreements are arguable as although two-thirds of European trade occurs within the EU (being a more closed trading bloc due to its protectionist policies), ASEAN economies primarily trade with countries outside their region, reflecting the fact that they are smaller economies and their economic growth strategies have centred around exports to industrialised economies. These regional and bilateral trade agreements which have often led to the formation of trading blocs can hinder the progress they were created for towards global free trade as agreements have proved to slice the world up into separate trade areas. This is arguable as trade agreements have also been referred by economists to be â€Å"stepping stones† towards global free trade as it initially convinces economies part of agreements to reduce their protectionist barriers against a smaller group of economies (part of the agreement) but eventually encouraging them to remove those barriers for the whole world. In recent years, economies part of NAFTA and ASEAN agreements have substantially increased the level of trade amongst themselves, compared to trade outside their trade agreement. This figure points towards the potential risk that regional trade blocs could result in global trade fragmenting into self-contained regions and hindering the spread of global free trade as trade agreements were intended for. Although in the early 1990’s, countries in Australia’s region established the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) in response to the formation of trading blocs/trade agreements in other areas of the world. As the APEC forum includes 21 member economies with approximately 41% of the world’s population, 54% of world GDP and 44% of world trade – APEC has gained a significant share of global trading influence. APEC Forum economies agreed to not become a secluded trading bloc but to reduce barriers to non-member economies – driving towards their target of achieving global free trade by 2020, Bogor Declaration (1994). Although in recent years, APEC’s focus has declined on their target of achieving free trade to ddress more recent issues such as financial crises, climate change and terrorism – APEC has made progress to the liberalisation of free trade, with its encouraged openness to globalisation although not succeeded in its original goal to create a regional area of free trade. APEC has given a positive outlook on the promotion of globalisation and free trade between nations although not reaching its driving goal of free trade. On top of the multilateral agreements, bilateral agreements have contributed to the elimination of trade barriers between economies. CERTA is an example of a bilateral agreement which has managed to abolish the trade barrier between Australia and New Zealand becoming one of the world’s most comprehensive free trade agreements. The influence on bilateral trade agreements although has not contributed greatly to the overall scale, has influenced trade barriers between two economies part of the agreement giving an advantage to trade between the two economies, concluding with positive outcomes in the promotion of globalisation and the positive goal of global free trade. Through the increased influence of international organisations, contemporary trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation, positive effects felt by the global economy include; the increased production and the lowering of international barriers between economies allow methods of production to flow between economies with more speed with the improvement with resource allocation within an economy, benefits to customers (increased standard of living within an economy) as customers have more choice with the decrease in barriers, foreign exchange gains, decreasing unemployment (as more people becoming employed with more work to make the decreasing trade barrier) and increased economic growth between countries part of the trading bloc/agreement/organisation. Although free trade has its benefits, negative effects come with the increased free trade between economies; increased pollution as free trade comes with increased demand from other economies leading the increased pollution as production within an economy increases, increased domestic economic instability as economies become reliant on international markets with the opening of free trade, companies finding harder to compete with the increased competition from international markets – some markets selling goods and services at incredibly low prices through their lower labour/production costs and new industries being pressured by the increased established competition in the competitive environment. All in all, though there are disadvantages in the increasing influence of international organisations, trading blocs and agreements in promoting globalisation, the advantages in affect through these factors are much more positive in the long run for an economy.